50 Years DAAD in EA

Nairobi's DAAD office first opened its doors in 1973. Since then, the office has been instrumental in promoting scholarly collaboration between Germany and the East African countries. Come along as we explore the many important events, shows, and other programs that have marked our history throughout the years. We will also include 50 portraits of 50 alumni to celebrate 50 years in the region!

Welcome Address

For 50 years, the DAAD has been represented by a regional office for Africa in Nairobi, Kenya. For half a century, the DAAD, with its staff, lecturers, and large alumni network, has been providing information in eastern Africa about Germany as a location for study and research and advising on funding opportunities, scholarships, and university cooperation.

Germany enjoys a good reputation as a partner country for universities, business, and political relations. The German-African scientific relations, together with the diplomatic relations, which look back on 60 years in 2023, have shaped the biographies of many alumni and are visible in the regional diversity, in the diversity of cultures, disciplines, and scientific traditions.

We are pleased and proud to have fostered over 50 years of distinguished careers in East Africa, namely in Ethiopia, Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda: People with impressive experiences, encounters, and stories that have triggered and are triggering lasting developments and impact in their countries.

In our Alumni Gallery, we present 50 alumni from 50 years of DAAD work in East Africa. Read more about their professional careers and celebrate with us the many years of good German-academic relations with partners and alumni in East Africa.

Have fun reading!

1970s

… From humble beginnings to a regional office

Political change and a new development paradigm

In 1973, the two German states – West Germany and East Germany – had just ratified the so-called Basic Treaty, or basic treaty, which assured each country’s sovereignty. Both countries became new members of the United Nations (UN) and, in the 1970s, East and West Germany took the lead in shifting foreign aid priorities and emphasising education as a key to economic development.

In the same year, Kenya was preparing to celebrate ten years of independence. The general public felt that certain elites had profited from independence, that economic growth and its benefits were unevenly distributed, and that little progress had been made in poverty reduction. This even led to violent strikes, the expulsion of students from the University of Nairobi (the only university in the country at that time) and the subsequent closure of the university. In this context, J.M. Kariuki, a Kenya African National Union (KANU) politician and a close aide to President Jomo Kenyatta, coined the famous phrase: “Kenya has become a nation of 10 millionaires and 10 million beggars.”

Education plays a leading role

As part of the policy shift, the West German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ) directed its funding according to the motto “help people help themselves”. Education was considered the key to success. The BMZ provided initial funding to enhance DAAD programmes within Africa and strengthen In-Country and In-Region programmes, with the goal of stopping the brain drain from African countries and universities. This included funding German lecturers at African universities as a way of supporting postgraduate programmes and capacity- building of future lecturers.

The president of the World Bank at the time, Robert McNamara, delivered a land-mark speech in September 1973 in Nairobi. As a result, the focus of aid efforts was shifted to basic human needs, including food security, housing availability, health care, education and political participation.

After the DAAD branch office in Nairobi was established in 1973 the focus during the first years was mainly liaising with stakeholders and analysing the systems of higher education in the different countries and, starting in 1975, the DAAD Nairobi office concentrated on the funding of postgraduate studies. When the political situation in Uganda forced Ugandan students to flee to Kenya, the DAAD started a special refugee scholarship programme. In addition, the DAAD helped establish a partnership between the universities of Munich and Nairobi in 1978 to train ophthalmologists in Nairobi.

The Nairobi office was later upgraded to the DAAD Regional Office for Africa in 1979.

1980s

… Rethinking partnership

Making history

In 1982 Kenya became a de jure one-party state through a decision in parliament, which basically outlawed all official opposition. At the end of the 1980s, the winds of change swept through Eastern Europe, starting with Perestroika and Glasnost in the Soviet Union and culminating with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989. The end of the bipolar world also had repercussions for Africa, as Western pressure on President Daniel Arap Moi began to mount. The crumbling of the Apartheid regime in South Africa could also be attributed to the new world order.

Tight budgets lead to new approaches

For the DAAD Regional Office for Africa, the new decade did not get off to a good start. Budget constraints forced a review of the In-Country programmes, which led to a drastic reduction of scholarships. The tight budget situation in 1982 even put the existence of the regional office at risk, but fortunately, last-minute allocation of funds secured its continuation. When the attempted coup forced the University of Nairobi to close for 14 months in 1982/1983, this was yet another disruption for the DAAD and its work. DAAD’s work in Nairobi was also influenced by a new approach to the relationship between donor and developing countries. The so-called “Brandt Report”, which summarised the findings of an independent commission at the beginning of 1980, made it clear that the goals set by McNamara’s speech in 1973 had not been achieved on a broad scale and that only a new economic world order could achieve these goals. The early 1980’s saw a shift from a biased North-South relationship to an equal partnership. The basic idea was to help developing countries to help themselves.

The BMZ provided funding to enhance the In-Country and In-Region (ICIR) programmes within Africa with the goal of stopping the brain drain from African countries and universities. The ICIR programme helped address the problem of staff shortages at Kenyan universities, with 75% of DAAD scholars finding their way into lecturer positions.

Innovative ways to build educational capacity

A wide range of other DAAD instruments were introduced in the 1980s to promote staff and capacity building at African universities. These made major contributions to the domestic education systems, which was more important than ever, since three additional universities were established in Kenya in the 1980s: Moi University in Eldoret (1984), Kenyatta University in Nairobi (1985), and Egerton University in Njoro (1987). This was an especially important milestone, since the growing number of primary and secondary school graduates meant that Kenya and other African countries had become increasingly unable to offer enough tertiary education facilities. In 1986, 10,000 students were enrolled in the three Kenyan universities while another 10,000 Kenyans were studying abroad.

1990s

… Winds of change

End of the Cold War – German reunification

The dramatic political events in Europe – the end of the East German state (GDR) in 1990 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 – were mirrored by political reforms in Kenya. The end of the Cold War had direct implications for the relationship between the international donor community. For Kenya, who enjoyed support of the West since independence, the end of the Cold War also meant the loss of unconditional support and thus a massive reduction in aid. With the advent of the 1990s, however, came a shift in discourse, which placed democracy, good governance and human rights on the agenda as touchstones for recipient countries. The struggle for a democratic Kenya, led by civil society leaders like Wangari Maathai and Chief Justice Willy Mutunga, thus continued.

For the DAAD, German reunification meant incorporating East German universities and scholarships into its own structures. Right away, the DAAD took over responsibility for some 8,000 foreign scholars studying in the former GDR and some 1,600 East German students studying abroad. Despite Berlin becoming the “new” capital of a united Germany in 1992, the DAAD’s office in Bonn was kept as the organisation’s headquarters.

Crisis in Eastern African

Events closer to Nairobi also had an impact on the work of the DAAD office: The genocide in Rwanda in 1994, Kabila’s seizure of power in Congo-Kinshasa in 1997, the Ethiopian-Eritrean war of 1999/2000 as well as the disastrous conditions in Somalia and South Sudan. These events led to an increased influx of refugees to Kenya, among them qualified graduates and postgraduates. These upheavals led to the enhanced support of refugee post-graduates from Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Burundi through the In-Country and In-Region scholarship programmes.

“For Eastern African universities, the 1990s was a time of unrest, rife with strikes and subsequent closures, accompanied by political unrest and crises.”

Stemming the brain drain

One of the biggest challenges at the universities remained staff shortages. The DAAD’s In-Country scholarship programme played an important role in addressing these problems. Great progress was also made in connecting German and Kenyan universities through so-called sandwich scholarships. Another priority for the DAAD Nairobi office was to keep in touch with and support DAAD and former East German alumni from the various regions. This work was facilitated by the Nairobi Circular, a newsletter for DAAD alumni in Kenya and Eastern Africa.

2000s

… Changing challenges

The new millenium brings more attention to higher education

The new millennium also saw the launch of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), which was adopted by the Organisation of African Unity summit in June 2001. One of NEPAD’s goals was to “promote networks of specialised research and higher education institutions.” To achieve this, the G8 and World Bank funding was increased for higher education, marking a policy shift away from an exclusive focus on primary education. For the DAAD regional office, these policy developments were encouraging – after all, the new policy goals had been its own focus for many years.

“Supporting alumni networks and networking in general, and cooperating with universities, international organisations and associations for the development of education in Africa remained high on the agenda.”

Focus on quality assurance and university management

One project involved collaborating with the Inter-University Council for East Africa (IUCEA) to establish a regional quality assurance system for higher education institutions (HEIs) in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. A quality assurance manual was developed with local experts, and future quality assurance officers were trained at German and African universities. Pilot evaluations and peer reviews were also carried out.

The DAAD also expanded its university management activities in Eastern Africa with its programme Dialogue on Innovative Higher Education Strategies (DIES). The first co-financed grant programme in Sub-Saharan Africa was also launched. Another important DAAD initiative started in this decade was the Higher Education Excellence in Development Cooperation (EXCEED) programme, which provides support to institutions addressing the UN Millennium Development Goals and other development cooperation policy goals in an innovative way. This programme acknowledges that higher education cooperation is a key factor for sustainable development, and universities participating in the programme from the region include Egerton in Kenya, Sokoine in Tanzania and Jimma in Ethiopia.

Alumni affairs: Work that matters

Another activity close to the heart of the DAAD regional office was its alumni work. The Kenyan DAAD Scholars’ Association already had a viable network of 300 active members. DAAD alumni from Tanzania followed suit in 2008/2009, basing their organisation on the Kenyan model. A DAAD Scholars’ Association was also formed in Burundi in 2009. The alumni associations helped organize several conferences and training courses during this time, and in 2011 a new postdoc programme for African alumni was launched. As a result, other organisations now look upon DAAD alumni support as a best practice model − incentive enough to continue with the great work.

2010s

… Joining Hands

Joint scholarship programme

The DAAD Regional Office in Nairobi has evolved from a project office for scholarships to a network centre that promotes scientific cooperation between Eastern Africa and Germany at various levels – from individual scholarships and university partnerships to the advancement of university systems. Having been established in the 2000s, African-German Centres of Excellence continue to combine all these elements.

During this decade, the DAAD’s work focused on initiating and fostering joint efforts. Over 25 PhD candidates left Kenya for Germany each year to start their studies, three times more than before the launch of the Kenya-German Postgraduate Training Programme in 2010. And in 2014, the first group of freshly- minted PhDs from Tanzania – also products of a joint scholarship programme – returned home, where they were dearly awaited as university lecturers. In 2011, DAAD moved its coordination of the joint Quality Assurance Initiative with the Inter-University Council for East Africa (IUCEA) and the German Rectors’ Conference (HRK) to the Nairobi Office. Since then, the IUCEA has gradually taken over the leading role as well as half of the financing.

“DAAD is working to bring people together – and putting people first.”

The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted in September 2015 with a historic consensus between the 193 member states of the United Nations (UN). It applies a holistic approach in order to work towards the transformation of the world for the benefit of global sustainable development. For the first time it covers all three dimensions of sustainability: the social, economic and environmental. The Agenda makes all the countries of the world responsible, the developing and emerging states just as much as the industrialised nations.

© SDGs

With funding from the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), DAAD continued promoting higher education partnerships in areas that are relevant and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in line with establishing high-performing cosmopolitan higher education institutions in the partner countries and in Germany.

The DAAD Regional Office celebrated its 40-year existence with numerous events in 2013.

2020s

… Transformation and Sustainability

Global challenges

The new decade started with a global challenge: the COVID 19 pandemic, which shut down public life worldwide, including schools and universities, and left people in uncertainty. But it also started the decade of digitalisation: online teaching, virtual meetings and conferences began booming and were the only possibility of continuation for academic exchange. The Corona pandemic also challenged the DAAD, as an internationally active science and scholarship organisation, to be more flexible and to manage the crises. The pandemic made it clear that global challenges can only be mastered through international science and research cooperation and networking.

With the growing global consensus on increasing climate responsibility, the DAAD stepped up its commitment to actively promoting climate protection and green transformation while at the same time further reducing the ecological footprint of its own actions. With the climapAfrica postdoctoral fellowship programme, the DAAD is making an important contribution in terms of a correspondingly multi-perspective approach. The programme is aimed at future leaders in the field of climate research and climate protection in Africa.

Strengthening international exchange while acting sustainably with a view to the challenges posed by the climate crisis means rethinking the way we deal with mobility: through new formats of virtual mobility and digital exchange, climate-friendly business trips, anchoring sustainability topics in the DAAD’s programme portfolio, and demand-oriented funding offers to achieve Agenda 2030 for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

“Open access to higher education is an essential contribution to equal opportunities.”

Diversity and Equal Opportunities

Creating equal opportunities for all people, regardless of their gender identity, social origin or living situation is one of the central goals of foreign and development policy. As the world’s largest funding organisation for the international exchange of students and researchers, the DAAD is expressly committed to diversity in its funding activities and in its organisational culture and to further increase diversity, equal opportunities and inclusion. On the African continent the DAAD makes an important contribution to this with its programmes, for example the “Leadership for Africa” aims to enable young talents from African countries with high refugee numbers to study for a Master’s degree in Germany.

Working through the past together

The DAAD is contributing to assuming historical and moral responsibility for the suffering that has arisen for people in many countries in Africa and Asia and is laying the foundations for future international academic cooperation in colonial research. The funding programme “German Colonial Rule” for young academics from Africa, Asia and the Pacific aims at the decolonisation debate and supports research into Germany’s colonial past.

Directors

1973 – 1975: Dr. Wolfgang Armbruster

1975 – 1979: Dr. Hans-Joachim Diesel

1979 – 1985: Hartmut Glimm

1985 – 1994: Hans M. Helfer

1994 – 2001: Richard Jacob

2001 – 2005: Cay Etzold

2005 – 2010: Gabriele von Fircks

2010 – 2014: Christoph Hansert

2014 – 2019: Dr. Helmut Blumbach

2019 – 2023: Beate Schindler-Kovats

Celebration Events

The DAAD Regional Office for East Africa recently celebrated its 50 years!

You can watch the events here

More information: Anniversary website with alumni gallery